Video Games And Youth Violence - 1181 Words

Over the past few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it will increase violence in the player. Although, not all video games are violent, and just increase skills in a player such as hand-eye coordination. Nevertheless, there is research going on for the link between violent video games and youth violence. The question is which event happens first in the sequence, do violent video games aggravate a person’s violent behavior, or does a person get rid of their anger through playing violent video games? Either way, violent video games are not beneficial to our s ociety. The first reason that violent video games are not beneficial to our society is that they often award players for simulating violent behaviors, and thus that enhances the learning of them. Studies have shown that when violence is rewarded in video games, players exhibit increase of violence compared to those who play video games where violence is punished. Violent video games create aggressive human beings, and award players for violent behaviors. They require active participation, repetition, andShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Youth Violence883 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Games and Youth Violence: Is There a Real Connection? One of my fondest memories as a child was Christmas Day, 1986. I woke up early, as is typical for a child on Christmas morning. I ran to my parent’s room and rustled them out of bed so I could tear into the presents. I immediately ran to a large rectangular present and grabbed it from under the tree. I was hoping with all my might it would be what I had asked Santa to bring me, a Nintendo Entertainment System. As I ripped the paper fromRead MoreThe Relationship between Video Games and Youth Violence811 Words   |  3 Pagesthat violence in video games have contributed to violent outbreaks of behavior in real life. Violent video games have been a political issue since the early 1980s; however, people forget to look at how people of all ages spend their free time playing these games for entertainment. 97% of 12-17 year olds in the US played video games in 2008, thus fueling an $11.7 billion domestic video game industry. In 2008, 10 of the top 20 best-selling video games in the US contained violence. Video games are aRead MoreVideo Game Violence And It s Affects On Youth1683 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence and It’s Affects on Youth Video games are becoming ever more popular every day among adolescents, youth and adults. Video game play can be fun, recreational and now with video game consoles such as the Wii, it can even be healthy. However, some video games are brutally and exceedingly violent, which should be fine because after all it’s just a video game. However, we need to understand and know if the effects of these violent video games are positive or negative amongst the youthRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Youth Violence2030 Words   |  9 PagesVideo games have become increasingly popular among people of various ages. The more technology advances the more appealing video games seem to get with high definition graphics and better storylines. The first video game ever made was back in 1958, it was played on a Brookhaven National Laboratory oscilloscope, and it doesn’t hold a candle to the video games of today (Bellis par. 2). Video games have gone from big-chunky complicated systems to li ttle-compact systems of entertainment. After the firstRead MoreVideo Games Do Not Contribute to Youth Violence Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are not the cause of youth violence. There are many factors that have to be lined up to cause a child to be violent. For instance Many kids that become violent have had a rough life. They may have been poor, bullied, have alcoholic parents, neglected, or dont have parents at all (kids health). Over the years games have helped kids adapt to things in the world to better help their futures (washington post). Studies prove that video games can help children learn new mechanics (washingtonRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Influence Youth Violence?772 Words   |  3 Pagesmassive violence, graphic sexual content, and animated blood are examples of statements that the Entertainment Software Rating Board uses to depict the content in over fifty- five percent of the video games rated yearly. The debate of whether the aggressive nature of th ese video games influences youth violence in our country has been heatedly battled for decades. Since the mid 1980’s, it has been suggested that high profile cases of violence are due to an aggressor’s excessive video game use. HoweverRead MoreVideo Games: A Scapegoat for Youth Violence Essay examples1265 Words   |  6 Pagesmost recent medium are video games. Aided by crime-saturated news reports, a lot of people are convinced that video game violence transfers to real-life youth crimes like the school massacres. They think that violent video games make people violent, but that is not the case. Violent people play violent video games. Not everyone who plays video games are violent, but those who already are violent will play them as an outlet for their frustration and rage. If anything, video games keep violent peopleRead MoreVideo Games and Youth Violence: Is There a Connection? Essay example1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmany and the reasons are still under debate. Th e main contributing factor for all of this violence was originally thought to be violent video games, and the vivid scenarios played out in them.( Grossman, DeGaetano 1999) After further investigation, that factor in itself has been proven to be untrue. Contrary to the popularly accepted belief, violent video games do not increase the tendencies for violence in healthy, normal adolescents and children. There have been many rumors circulating as toRead MoreEssay about The Effect of Video Game Violence on Youths1849 Words   |  8 PagesDoes exposure to violence in video games, on TV, and in social media have an effect on those exposed to it? Are those who are underage more susceptible to any detrimental side effects from viewing these things? This has long been a topic of discussion among lawmakers, psychologists, and the scientific field as a whole. It concerns parents and community members, especially in the wake of a seeming rise in violence at school from bullying, fighting, or in the extreme cases of school shootings. Read MoreDoes Violence in Video Games Contribute to Misconduct in Youth1995 Words   |  8 PagesDoes Violence in Video Games Contribute to Misconduct in Youth? In recent years, many technological advancements have led to a new form of entertainment for society. One of the soaring forms of this entertainment is video games. While the sale of games continue to rise at a drastic rate, game designers and the media focus the publics attention on violent video games, since it seems to currently be to the more attractive type of game, not only among the public, but the gaming industries as well

About metals and minerals Free Essays

1 Introduction Asia plays an of import function in today ‘s excavation industry due to important resources of assorted metals and minerals, bring forthing about a 3rd of universe ‘s bauxite and gold, histories for a half of planetary Fe ore production, and for about 70 % of universe ‘s hydraulic cement ( USGS, 2009 ) . Within the part among the largest manufacturers of metals and minerals are China, India, and Indonesia. Despite the important importance of metals and minerals in modern economic system, excavation activities far excessively frequently lead to terrible environmental debasement, put local communities under force per unit area, cause societal jobs and sometimes go the cause of struggles. We will write a custom essay sample on About metals and minerals or any similar topic only for you Order Now Grasberg mine in Indonesia is an expressed illustration of legion issues associated with big graduated table excavation. This paper gives a brief reappraisal of excavation in Grasberg from the construct the three pillars of sustainability, therefore analyzing economical, societal and particularly environmental impacts of this peculiar mine. 2 Economic Impact Due to the big graduated table of the operations, the Grasberg mine has a immense consequence on the economical state of affairs of Indonesia. Economic benefits include direct, such as revenue enhancement grosss and employment and other indirect and induced economic benefits. The unfastened cavity operations is expected to go on until 2015, than passage will be made to to the full belowground production and the company ( which company, name? ? Need to present this mine company ) is expected to be profitable until 2041, which secures these benefits to Indonesia until that clip ( Freeport 2008 ) . The company is the largest revenue enhancement remunerator in Indonesia, merely in 2004 it provided $ 3 billion and between 1992-2004, $ 33 billion direct and indirect benefits, which is 2 % of the GDP of the state and 55 % of the GDP of Irian Jaya state, where the mine is located ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) . Along with economical state of affairs, it besides has a immense consequence on the employment. In 2008 the company had 29,300 employees and 10,700 contractors, about 18,000 people work at the mine which is operated by PT ( what is it? ) Freeport Indonesia ( Freeport 2009 ) . However, the employment impacts are more complex as the excavation activity have created societal tensenesss and wellness impacts such as AIDS and malaria in footings of in-migration, transmigration and urbanisation procedures. ( mention ) Besides direct effects Indonesia benefits from the indirect economic benefits, such as new airdrome, infirmaries and roads, nevertheless these were chiefly built to back up the substructure of the mine. In add-on, the company invested into malaria control and educational AIDSs. Induced effects include rewards, other benefits paid for the workers, purchases of goods and services, which are besides heightening economic development of the state. mention To decide bing societal and environmental issues the company has established a 1 % trust fund ( 1 % of the company ‘s gross one-year gross ) . Between its initiation in 1996 and 1999 it has been contributed $ 54.8 million and it is planned to go on over the following 10 old ages. In 1999, Freeport contributed US $ 14.4 million to the fund. In contrast in the same twelvemonth the CEO of Freeport, James Robert Moffet made US $ 41 million which is approximately three times of the compensation. Sing an independent survey it has became a new beginning of troubles and struggle ( Kennedy 1998 ) . To decide urbanisation issues and increase grosss and occupations within Papuan communities Freeport cooperates with the U.S. Agency for International Development and has launched the Papua Agribusiness Development Alliance. $ 2 million is allocated to develop agribusiness and agriculture, therefore advancing betterments in agriculture and fishing supports ( Freeport 2009 ) . Besides official payments the company provided side payments to the authorities functionaries, and spent $ 35 million on military substructure. Harmonizing to company paperss, $ 20- $ 30 million were given to the military and constabularies from 1998 to 2004 ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) . In malice of all these above mentioned benefits and investings, the environmental debasement, societal and wellness issues remain and can ne’er be to the full compensated by the company, but are enforcing immense cost on Indonesia. The cost of lost supports ( fishing, woods, biodiversity etc. ) and environmental harm are difficult to mensurate. Many of the wellness effects can non even be captured as they are chronic. Based on the above, Freeport Company evidently has a immense consequence on the Indonesian economic system but as it is a foreign investor it besides means that most of the gross is taken out from the state. Another chief issue is that most of its production is supplied as a Cu dressed ore for refinery to other states worldwide depriving Indonesia from related service based employment and induced benefits. Fortunately, due to societal and political force per unit area, governmental alterations and more demanding environmental outlooks and ordinances increase the force per unit area on Grasberg mine and easy driving the company towards more sustainable excavation patterns ( mention ) 2.1 Social Impact Social impact of Grasberg mine operation chiefly touches three major issues: demographical alterations, substructure development, and human rights misdemeanor. All of these issues address influence on the autochthonal people, Papuan folk. Some of the alterations which the Grasberg mine brought to the part could be considered as betterments in the life criterions such as substructure development. However about all of these alterations touch the inquiry of human rights maltreatments in many dimensions. ( mention ) Irian Jaya, the state where Grasberg mine is situated, is sing a rapid population growing as a consequence of the resettlement policies of the Indonesian authorities ( Wohl 2006 ) . The mine was opened in 1967 when there were no roads and fewer than 1000 people inhabited this country. Over clip the mine drew in 120 000 people from all over Indonesia and now it serves as about the lone one topographic point of employment for local people ( Hills and Welford 2006 ) . Although the mine operation in the state has lead to infrastructure development such as edifice of roads, an airdrome, a port at Amamapare ( what is it ) , a ropeway, infirmary, lodging, schools and other installations, presents there are a batch of jobs and struggles, peculiarly, in human rights abuses around the Grasberg mine. The enlargement of excavation caused a batch of protests among local population because the societal impact was chiefly connected with disturbing of the manner of life of autochthonal people, capturing their land, forestalling attempts to seek justness through the tribunals, bankrolling the constabulary and coercing them to resettle. These protests were the other portion of human rights maltreatments which showed up in military intercessions, colzas and slayings of dissenters etc. ( Hills and Welford 2006 ) . Indonesia ‘s National Commission on Human Rights concluded that clear and identifiable human rights misdemeanors had occurred in and around Freeport ‘s undertaking country, including indiscriminate violent deaths, anguish, inhumane or degrading intervention, improper apprehension, arbitrary detainment, disappearing, inordinate surveillance, and devastation of belongings. The committee noted that these misdemeanors are straight connected with protection for the excavation concern of PT Freeport Indonesia ( Whitmore 2006 ) . Additionally such environmental impacts as H2O and dirt pollution are the misdemeanor of the human right to adequate criterions of life and the right to wellness. ( How to link with old sentence? ) Local autochthonal landholders, the Kamoro and Amungme, have been the topic of coercion and bullying. Their land have been exploited, natural resources stolen and net incomes siphoned off by foreign shareholders and national elites ( Hills and Welford 2006 ) . 3. Environmental Impact The environmental impact from the excavation activity of Grasberg mine arises chiefly due to two beginnings. These are, Untreated chasing disposal at the Aghawagon river ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) Acid mine drainage ( Kennedy et al. 1998 ) from reeling sum of waste stone generated 3.1 Shadowings The excavation operations at Grasberg started in 1972 ( Mealey 1996 ) . Riverine disposal of untreated shadowings has been practiced since so ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) . The IIED and WBCSD ( 2002 ) reference a 30 fold addition in the shadowings production from 1972 to 2000. As of 2002 about 230,000 dozenss of shadowings are disposed off day-to-day straight from the mine into the Aghanwagon River ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) . Fig 3 shows a satellite image of mine country along with the river system through which the shadowings are disposed of. The Aghanwagon is connected with the Ajkwa river system through Otomona river. Ajkwa river eventually meets the Arafura sea. A comparative analysis for selected parametric quantities with regard to mining outflowing criterions of US-EPA and Canada Fisheries Act and the Grasberg mine wastewater ( Annex 1 ) is presented in the tabular array 1 below ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) . Table 1. Comparison of shadowings features Grasberg Mine US EPA criterion Canada Fisheries Act criterions pH 11.3 6-9 6-9.5 Sum suspended solids ( mg/l ) 558,584 20 15 As ( mg/l ) 3.94 – 0.5 Cu ( mg/l ) 536 0.15 0.3 Hg ( mg/l ) lt ; 0.003 0.001 – A expression at the above tabular array would do to grok the monolithic pollution load caused by the direct riverine disposal of untreated shadowings in the environing riverine ecosystem. The negative environmental impacts are chiefly manifested through following two jobs. 3.1.1 Problem of deposit The IIED and WBCSD ( 2002 ) estimation shadowings lending up to 93 % of the deposit loads in the river system. This has resulted in change of geo-morphology of the river system. ( Watson 1999 ) . Changes in the nearby river classs of Pika, Uamiau and Aimua as reported by Indonesian Ministry of Population and Environment ( Kennedy et al. 1998 ) further reinforce this claim. Watson ( 1999 ) has estimated that less than 5 % of the entire shadowings reach the Arafura Sea. The shadowing disposals have created an unreal inundation field in the Ajkwa riverine system ( Kennedy et al. 1998 ) . A obstruction of Ajkwa river in mid-1990s caused unreal inundation in the river field ( Watson 1999 ) . In response to the obstruction of the river the company have constructed levees to lodge and incorporate shadowings in the designated inundation field of the river, termed as Ajkwa Deposition Area ( ADA ) ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) . The levees are 40 kilometers long, constructed on both bank of the low prevarication inundation field of the Ajkwa river. This has resulted in the devastation of of 30 km2 of rain forest by 2002, and finally entire loss of rain forest in the ADA has been estimated to be 230 km2 ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) . In mid-1995 an American research worker have conducted trials of river deposits at Timika, which is the nearest human colony from the mine ( Kennedy et al.1998 ) . The consequences of these trials along with a comparing of Australia and New Zealand ‘s National Health and Medical Research Council ‘s ( NHMRC ) criterions for contaminated sites are presented below. Table 2. Selected heavy metal concentration at riverine deposits in Timika ( Kennedy et al. 1998 ) Copper ( ppm ) Zinc ( ppm ) Lead ( ppm ) Ajkwa river deposit 2290 53.3 1.35 ( NHMRC ) guidelines for contaminated site 60 200 300 Noteworthy from the above tabular array is the inordinate sum of Copper taint. A more recent survey by Brunskill et Al ( 2004 ) has calculated the fluxes of Copper, Zinc and Lead in the Ajkwa river basin. The present fluxes as compared to the background fluxes ( before 1950 ) from the survey are presented below. Table 3. Fluxs of heavy metals at Ajkwa river basin ( Brunskill et al. 1998 ) Site Cu flux ( mmol Cu m-2 yr -1 ) Zn flux ( mmol Cu m-2 yr -1 ) Pb flux ( mmol Cu m-2 yr -1 ) 3 Background 3 9 0.68 Present 137 18 1.5 4 Background 7.8 16 1.3 Present 204 28 2.2 5 Background 6.6 11 1.1 Present 129 21 1.8 These consequences are peculiarly dismaying for Copper. Since the addition in the background degree is every bit high as 40 times. This study besides shows that this rise in flux absolutely syncs with the rise in production degree of the mine. Sing these high flux rates of the selected metal, the concentration of these metals in the riverine deposits should be much higher now as compared to degrees indicated in Table 2. 3.1.2 Impact on H2O The impact of shadowings disposal on H2O quality of the Ajkwa River is terrible. Ortman and Subra ( 2000 ) conducted field trials to measure extent of the pollution ( Annex I, table B ) . These informations are compared on two degrees. The first comparing has been made with regard to imbibing H2O quality against World Health Organisation ( 2008 ) guideline values ( Table 4 ) . The 2nd comparing is made with regard to toxic effects on aquatic biology ( Table 5 ) . Table 4. Comparison of H2O quality with regard to WHO guideline values Mill Discharge Otomona Bridge Mid ADA WHO guideline value As ( mg/l ) 3.94 0.126 0.045 0.01 Cadmium ( mg/l ) 0.24 0.007 0.001 0.003 Cu ( mg/l ) 536 13.13 4.65 2 Hg ( mg/l ) 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 Se ( mg/l ) 0.294 0.002 0.002 0.01 The above comparing clearly demonstrates that the river H2O is rendered non-potable by the mine pollution. In fact in 1997, functionary of the local authorities warned local people against imbibing of the river H2O and gave it a â€Å"D† public heath evaluation ( Kennedy et al. 1998 ) . Table 5. Comparison of H2O quality with regard to toxicity Mill Discharge Otomona Bridge Mid ADA Toxic degree Beginning As ( mg/l ) 3.94 0.126 0.045 1.85 Tisler and Zagorc-Konean ( 2003 ) Cadmium ( mg/l ) 0.24 0.007 0.001 0.01 Mallett et Al. ( 1992 ) Cu ( mg/l ) 536 13.13 4.65 0.015 Tisler and Zagorc-Konean ( 2003 ) Hg ( mg/l ) 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.000026 Canadian Water Quality Guideline Se ( mg/l ) 0.294 0.002 0.002 0.002 Lemly ( 1992 ) Therefore, it can be seen from above that apart from quicksilver the concentrations of heavy metals at the factory discharge location is higher than the aquatic toxic degrees. Particularly for Cu, at all location the measured value is higher than the toxic degree. Locals have reported disappearing of many species of fish from the river ( Chatterjee 1996 ) . An fact-finding study by New York Times has stated the river to be virtually barren of any fish ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) . 3.2 Acid Mine Drainage 3.2.1 Beginning of Acid Mine Drainage In the late phases of formation procedure of the Grasberg ore, native sulfur was deposited in fool’s gold venas ( Friehauf 2002 ) . When oxidization takes topographic point in deposited shadowings of the ore, acidic conditions can bit by bit develop when Cu sulfide minerals are present ( IIED 2002 ) . Under acerb conditions, metals in the ore may be mobilized. This acerb H2O bearing heavy metals, if non decently treated, may do irreversible pollution of groundwater ( TCE 2008 ) . In 1993, it was reported for the first clip that sedimentation sites in Grasberg contained AMD ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) .Different types of Cu sulfide found in the ore can be illustrated by a sample ( Fig.4 ) . Taken from cardinal stockwork zone of the Grasberg ore, copper pyrites ( brasslike yellow-orange ) , bornite ( dark blue-purple ) , and covellite ( violet or light blue ) can be seen from the specimen. ( FCX 2004 ) . The mine waste incorporating these sulphide bearing minerals, particularly chalcopyrite and bornite, can exercise important environmental impacts in the part ( IIED 2002 ) . 3.2.2 Environmental Impacts of Acid Mine Drainage The Grasberg mine has three billion dozenss of waste stone and shadowings ( Kennedy et al.1998 ) . The local clime is every bit wet as holding 12 pess of rain a twelvemonth, which contributes to oxidization of the mine waste and shadowings ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) . In Freeport ‘s audit, AMD has been reported fluxing into nearby watercourses ( Kennedy et al. 1998 ) . To cover with the job of AMD, neutralisation procedure is added to the concentration process of Cu ( Golder Associates 1994 ) . The company says that this drainage is treated by roll uping the overflow and neutralizing it with limestone ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) . In one study in congratulations of the mine, it is stated that the shadowing river and the deposition country meets Indonesian and US Environmental Protection Agency imbibing H2O criterions for dissolved metals ( IM 2009 ) . However, several independent surveies and audits have shown much less optimistic state of affairs. The impact on local H2O system is important. Neutralization capableness of limestone in the milieus is finite, so once it is depleted, big sum of toxic metals from the mine will leach into local rivers and H2O system ( Kennedy 1998 ) . It is disclosed that light-green springs could already be seen several stat mis off, which indicates the leach-out of Cu from the drainage has traveled a long distance ( Perlez and Bonner 2005 ) . For illustration, in the Wanagon H2O catchment basin, the acid leachate precipitates when neutralized with calcium hydroxide, and accretion has already started near the lake ( IIED 2002 ) , which may impact the deposit. Ajkwa Deposition Area and estuaries of the Arafura Sea may besides be affected by AMD ( Bryce 2005a ) . Groundwater taint has been detected in the Highlandss of Grasberg ( TCE 2008 ) , and in 1999, pollution of groundwater became important in Tim ika, a town lying below the mine ( Bryce 2005b ) . Furthermore, the Lorentz park is another focal point of concern, because the AMD has polluted the springs in the park and affected its ecological diverseness ( TCE 2008 ) . The Lorentz glaciers ( Figure 5 ) are besides at hazard ( McGinley 2008 ) . To sum up, the clime status in Grasberg aggravates the job of AMD, which has caused pollution to H2O systems including the shadowing river and deposition countries. The nearby World heritage site, Lorentz Park, is besides at hazard due to impact from AMD. Decision Annex I Table A. Tailings features ( IIED and WBCSD 2002 ) Shadowings solids analysis mg/Kg ( dry footing ) Plant discharge – slurry ( mg/l ) Dissolved Entire pH – – 11.3 Sum suspended solids – – 558,584 Aluminum 28,900 – – As 49 lt ; 0.002 3.94 Cadmium 0.33 lt ; 0.0002 0.24 Copper 6,600 0.002 536 Fe 56,600 – – Lead 30 – – Manganese 1,400 – – Mercury 0.01 lt ; 0.0003 lt ; 0.0003 Selenium 3 lt ; 0.002 0.294 Zinc 200 0.060 61.1 Table B. Water quality at different points at the Ajkwa deposition country ( Ortman and Subra 2000 ) Mill Discharge Otomona Bridge Mid ADA US EPA criterion ANZECC criterion Concentration ( mg/l ) Dissolved Entire Dissolved Entire Dissolved Entire Sum suspended solids – 558,58 – 12,81 – 4,968 – – Aluminum – – – – – – – – As lt ; 0.002 3.94 lt ; 0.002 0.126 lt ; 0.002 0.045 – – Cadmium lt ; 0.0002 0.24 lt ; 0.0002 0.007 lt ; 0.0002 0.001 – – Copper 0.002 536 0.010 13.13 0.011 4.65 0.0029 0.005 Fe – – – – – – – – Lead – – – – – – – – Manganese – – – – – – – – Mercury lt ; 0.0003 lt ; 0.0003 lt ; 0.0003 lt ; 0.0003 lt ; 0.0003 lt ; 0.0003 – – Selenium lt ; 0.002 0.294 lt ; 0.002 lt ; 0.002 lt ; 0.002 lt ; 0.002 – – Zinc 0.060 61.1 0.002 1.8 0.002 0.536 Mentions Brunskill, G. J. , Zagorskis, I. , Pfitzner, J. , and Ellison, J. 2004. Sediment and hint element depositional history from the Ajkwa River estuarine Rhizophora mangles of Irian Jaya ( West Papua ) , Indonesia. Continental Shelf Research 24: 2535-2551 Bryce, R. 2005a. Freeport at Grasberg: ‘Devastated the river system ‘ . News, The Austin Chronicle September 23, 2005. Uniform resource locator: [ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story? oid=oid % 3A292540. [ consulted 29 Jan 2010 ] . Bryce, R. 2005b. Written in Stone. News, The Austin Chronicle September 23, 2005. Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story? oid=oid % 3A292538. [ consulted 29 Jan 2010 ] . Chatterjee, P. 1996. A Cu mine of decease or misplaced incrimination? . Inter Press Service ( February ) . Cited in Kennedy, D. , Chatterjee, P. , and Moody, R. Risky concern the Grasberg gold mine, 16. Berkeley: Undertaking Underground, 1998 Earth Observatory ( EO ) . NASA. Grasberg Mine, Indonesia. Posted August 1, 2005. Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php? id=5718. [ consultd 5 February 2010 ] Freeport-McMoran Copper A ; Gold ( FCX ) . 2004. How stone comes to life: step-by-step through the excavation procedure. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fcx.com/envir/wtsd/2004/copper.htm. [ consulted 29 Jan 2010 ] Freeport McMoran Copper A ; Gold Inc. 2008. Core Assets, 2008 Annual Report Phoenix: Freeport McMoran Copper A ; Gold Inc.URL: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fcx.com/ir/AR/2008/FCX_AR_2008.pdf [ consulted 01 Feb 2010 ] Freeport McMoran Copper A ; Gold Inc. 2009. Employee engagement Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fcx.com/envir/emply_engag.htm [ consulted 01 Feb 2010 ] Freeport McMoran Copper A ; Gold Inc. 2009. Economic Development URL: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fcx.com/envir/eco_dev.htm # casestudy1 [ consulted 01 Feb 2010 ] International Institute for Environment and Development ( IIED ) 2002. Mining for the Future Appendix J: Grasberg Riverine Disposal Case Study Friehauf, K. C. 2002. Grasberg Mine Area, Indonesian research and travels, â€Å"Research† . hypertext transfer protocol: //faculty.kutztown.edu/friehauf/indonesia/grasberg.html. [ consulted 29 Jan 2010 ] . Friends of the Earth Netherlands ( Milieudefensie ) 2009. Mining Matters. Unacceptable metal excavation in developing states and the duties of companies in the Netherlands Amsterdam: Friends of the Earth Netherlands Golder Associates. 1994. Shadowings and River Management Plan Options Executive Summary, Submitted by Golder Associates to PT Freeport Indonesia, November 1994 Hills, J. and Welford, R. 2006. Case Study: Auditing for Human Rights: Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold in Papua. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 13: 108 – 114. International Institute for Environment and Development ( IIED ) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) . 2002. Mining for the hereafter Appendix J: Grasberg riverine disposal instance survey. England: IIED and WBCSD International Institute for Environment and Development ( IIED ) . 2002. Mining for the Future. England: IIED. International Mining ( IM ) . 2009. The route to Grasberg. Great mines—Grasberg. International Mining 2009 ( Sep ) : 56-61. Kennedy, D. , Chatterjee, P. , and Moody, R. 1998. Hazardous concern the Grasberg gold mine, 16. Berkeley: Undertaking Underground Lemly, A. D. 1992. Guidelines for measuring Selenium informations from aquatic monitoring and assessment surveies. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 28: 83-100 Mallett, M.J. , Vine, S. , Murgatroyd, C. , Whitehouse, P. , Jerman, E. , Ashby-Crane, R.E. , Fleming, R. , Wwilson, K. and Sims, I. 1992. Toxicity of common pollutants to freshwater life. A reappraisal of the effects of ammonium hydroxide, arsenic, Cd, Cr, Cu, nitrile, Ni, phenol and Zn on autochthonal species. Bristol: National River Authority R A ; D study Note 82. Mealey, G. A. , 1996. Grasberg. Los Angeles: Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc McGinley, M. ( Topic Editor ) ; United Nations Environment Programme-World Conservation Monitoring Centre ( Content Partner ) . 2008. â€Å" Lorentz National Park, Indonesia. † In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland ( Washington, D.C. : Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment ) . [ First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth February 11, 2008 ; Last revised November 21, 2008 ; Retrieved February 5, 2010 ] . Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eoearth.org/article/Lorentz_National_Park, _Indonesia. [ consulted 5 February 2010 ] . National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) . 2003. Visible Earth a catalogue of NASA images and lifes of our place planet. Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov//16923/landsat_carstenz_29may03_28.5m.jpg [ consulted 5th February 2010 ] Ortman, D.E. , and Subra, W. 2000. Review of Freeport Audit Perlez, J. , and Bonner, R. 2005. Below a mountain of wealth a river of waste. New York Times ( New York ) , December 27. Tisler, T. , and Zagroc-Koncan, J. , 2003. Aquatic toxicity of selected chemicals as a basic standard for environmental categorization. Arh Hig Rada Tokiskol 54: 207-213 The Council on Ethics ( TCE ) . 2008. To the Ministry of Finance – Recommendation of 15 February 2008. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php? a=8809. [ consulted Jan 29 2010 ] . Watson, M. 1999. External Environmental Audit, PT Freeport Indonesia operations Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Steamboat Springs, CO, US. Whitmore, A. 2006. The emperor ‘s new apparels: Sustainable excavation? Journal of Cleaner Production 14: 309 – 314. ( beginning URL ) Galya Wohl, E. 2006. Human impacts to mountain watercourses. Geomorphology 79: 217 – 248. World Health Organisation ( WHO ) . 2008. Guidelines for imbibing H2O quality. 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Marketing Research Gloria Jeans free essay sample

This questionnaire is designed to assess your satisfaction with Gloria Jean’s Coffee shops. This is not commercial research. Your answers will be treated as highly confidential and will not be disclosed to anyone. Q1. Have you ever purchased from Gloria Jean’s? ? If yes, please go to question 1 ? If no, thank you for your time Q2. I would now like to ask you about how frequently you visit Gloria Jean’s. Please tick the appropriate box. ? Every day ? 5-6 times a week ? 2-4 times a week ? Once a week ? Less than once a week Q3. Now I would like to ask how much approximatelydoyou spend on each visit to Gloria Jean’s. Atmosphere of the cafe Convenience of location Q5. Now I would like to determine how you thinkGloria Jean’sperforms on each of these attributes. Please select a number from the scale below to show how good or poor each attribute performs and note it in the space provided. Scale ExtremelyExtremely Poor1234567Good PerformancePerformance Quality of food Variety of food Value for money of food Quality of coffee Value for money of coffee Variety of coffee Speed of service Friendliness of serving staff Availability of seating Cleanliness of cafe and its surrounds Atmosphere of the cafe Convenience of location Q6. The following question is designed to assess your opinion on the quality of food at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. If you have never purchased food at Gloria Jean’s, please go to question 8 Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢The food available at Gloria Jean’sis always of high quality †¢The quality of food at Gloria Jean’s is excellent †¢I am very content with the quality of food at Gloria Jean’s Q7. This question is designed to assess your satisfaction with the variety offood offered at Gloria Jean’s. Select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢Gloria Jean’s has a vast variety of food available †¢The diversity of food at Gloria Jean’s is excellent †¢I am extremely pleased with the variety of food offered at Gloria Jean’s Q8. With this question, we want to assess your satisfaction with the value for moneyof food at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢The food at Gloria Jean’s is definitely worth the money †¢I get superb value food for the money I pay at Gloria Jean’s †¢The food at Gloria Jean’s is fantastic value for money Q9. This question is designed to assess your satisfaction with the quality of coffee at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. If you have never purchased a coffee at Gloria Jean’s, please go to question 11. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢The coffee at Gloria Jean’s is excellent Gloria Jean’soffered exceptional quality coffee †¢I am extremely pleased with the quality of coffee served at Gloria Jean’s ? Q10. With this question, we want to find out your opinion on the value for money of coffee at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢The coffee at Gloria Jean’s is fantastic value for money †¢I get superb value coffee for the money I pay at Gloria Jean’s †¢The coffee at Gloria Jean’s is definitely worth the money †¢ This question is designed to assess your satisfaction with the variety of coffee offered at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢Gloria Jean’s has a vast variety of coffee available †¢The diversity of coffee at Gloria Jean’s is excellent †¢I am exceptionally content with the variety of coffee offered at Gloria Jean’s Q12. Now I would like to know what you think about the speed of the service at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale to indicate how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note your answer in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢I am serviced extremely quick by the staff at Gloria Jean’s †¢Waiting time is kept to a minimum at Gloria Jean’s †¢The speed of service at Gloria Jean’s is excellent ? Q13. With this question, I want to find out how you perceive the friendliness of the servingstaff at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree The serving staff at Gloria Jean’s make me feel very welcome †¢I can rely on the serving staff being very friendly at Gloria Jean’s †¢The serving staff at Gloria Jean’s are very pleasant Q14. This question is designed to assess your satisfaction with the availability of seating at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to indicate how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢It is very easy to find a table to sit down at Gloria Jean’s †¢There are sufficient number of tables for the number of customers at Gloria Jean’s At Gloria Jean’s, there are often many tables available ? Q15. This question is designed to assess your attitude towards the cleanliness of Gloria Jean’s and its surrounds (including any outside seating areas; they can be in the front and out the back). Please selecta number from the scale to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note your answer in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢I never see litter at Gloria Jean’s and the surrounding area †¢Gloria Jean’s and its surrounds are very clean †¢I am exceedingly happy with the cleanliness at Gloria Jean’s and the surrounding area This question is designed to assess your opinion on the atmosphere at Gloria Jean’s. Please select a number from the scale below to show how much you agree or disagree with each statement and note it in the space provided. Scale StronglyStrongly Disagree1234567Agree †¢Gloria Jean’s is a very pleasant place †¢You can always rely on there being an excellent atmosphere at Gloria Jean’s †¢Gloria Jean’s atmosphere is exactly what I am looking for in a cafe Q17. Now we would like to know what you think about the convenience of the location of Gloria Jean’s.

Marketing Research Essays - Undergarments, Boxers, Boxer Shorts

Marketing Research 1. Product: Boxer shorts A. B. C. Yes D. Political, legal and regulatory, and sociological for conservative societies. It also makes it difficult to advertise. Color and size sensitivity. Some markets less conservative, easier to sell intimate apparel. Almost everyone wears underwear. Different styles are a different state of mind. 2. A. The first step is developing a hypothesis. B. Descriptive Research because its easy and requires minimal resources, and gets a general census. The company also has prior knowledge and the problem is clearly defined. C. Using secondary data because is inexpensive and easy to obtain D. Internet websites, trade journals, or computer databases. E. Looking at competitors websites and online databases, government publications, and periodicals such as American Demographics. 3. A. Product: JCREW Hockey Boxers B. Step 1 I need new boxers Step 2 Internal Memories- catalogs, online Step 3 Commando, whitey tighteys, boxer briefs Step 4 I bought JCREW hockey boxers Step 5 They are my favorite, most comfortable pair of boxers C. Relationship status Design and style D. Lack of religious beliefs Peer involvement E. I had brand loyalty to JCREW they have made stylish and comfortable clothes in the past. Quality, texture, and availability also affected my buying decision. Marketing Essays